Caracterización epidemiológica del cáncer de pancreas en Solca Guayaquil: período 2015-2021 / Epidemiological characterization of pancreatic cancer in Solca Guayaquil: period 2015-2021

Dentro de los cánceres, el tumor maligno de páncreas sigue siendo una neoplasia altamente letal y se tiene dificultad en el diagnóstico temprano, por lo que hay que evaluar de manera sistemática el comportamiento epidemiológico de esta enfermedad. OBJETIVO: determinar las características epidemiológicas del cáncer de páncreas de los pacientes atendidos en el hospital SOLCA Guayaquil, entre los años 2015 al 2021. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: observacional, de diseño transversal, tipo descriptivo; en los pacientes vistos por primera vez con tumor maligno de páncreas atendidos en el hospital de SOLCA y que sean residentes de Guayaquil; excluyéndose los pacientes diagnosticados en otras instituciones. RESULTADOS: durante el período 2015-2021 el cáncer de páncreas se incrementó, del año 2015 con 4,8% al 2021 de 29,3%; es corroborado con la tendencia lineal con porcentaje de variabilidad del 81%; según sexo hubo un cambio en la presentación entre hombres y mujeres en la incidencia; más en mujeres con 56,9%. el grupo de edad mayormente afectado en ambos sexos fue de 50-70 años (76,6%); topográficamente el Tumor maligno de páncreas, parte no especificada fue del 49,7%, Tumor maligno de cabeza del páncreas con 27,5% y morfológicamente el adenocarcinoma SAI (31,7%) y adenocarcinoma del conducto SAI (11,4%). CONCLUSIÓN: el cáncer de páncreas viene incrementándose, con mayor proporción en mujeres entre 50-70 años de edad; topográficamente el Tumor maligno de páncreas, parte no especificada y morfológicamente el adenocarcinoma SAI fueron lo más frecuentes; por lo que se debe explorar métodos que permitan un diagnóstico temprano

Within cancers, malignant tumor of pancreas continues to be a lethal neoplasm and early diagnosis is difficult, for epidemiological behavior must be systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE: determine the epidemiological characteristics of pancreatic cancer in patients treated at the SOLCA Guayaquil hospital, between 2015 and 2021. MATERIALS AND METHOD: observational, cross-sectional design, descriptive type; in patients seen for the first time with a malignant tumor of the pancreas treated at the SOLCA hospital and who are residents of Guayaquil; excluding patients diagnosed in other institutions. RESULTS: during the 2015-2021 period, pancreatic cancer increased, from 2015 with 4.8% to 2021 with 29.3%; it is corroborated with the linear trend with a percentage of variability of 81%; According to sex, there was a change in the presentation between men and women in the incidence; more in women with 56.9%. the most affected age group in both sexes was 50-70 years (76.6%); topographically, malignant tumor of the pancreas, part not specified was 49.7%, malignant tumor of the head of the pancreas with 27.5% and morphologically, adenocarcinoma SAI (31.7%) and duct adenocarcinoma SAI (11.4%). CONCLUSION: pancreatic cancer has been increasing, with a higher proportion in women between 50-70 years of age; topographically, malignant tumor of the pancreas, unspecified part and morphologically, adenocarcinoma SAI were the most frequent; Therefore, methods that allow an early diagnosis should be explored.

Comportamiento epidemiológico del cáncer de tiroides / Epidemiological behavior of thyroid cancer

El cáncer de tiroides ha incrementado en estos últimos años, siendo esta patología endócrina de relevancia entre las distintas poblaciones con distintas presentaciones. Objetivo. determinar el comportamiento del cáncer de tiroides en los pacientes atendidos en el hospital de SOLCA Guayaquil. Metodología. Estudio observacional, de diseño transversal descriptivo. Lugar: hospital de SOLCA en Guayaquil, período 2015 ­ 2019. Los sujetos fueron los pacientes con diagnósticos de cáncer de tiroides. Aplicando estadísticas descriptivas con indicadores de porcentaje, comparaciones entre variables, y la tendencia lineal del quinquenio de estudio. Resultados. El cáncer maligno de tiroides se incrementó desde el año 2015 con 15,9%, 2017 el 20,9%, al 2019 de 25,8%, que es corroborado con la tendencia de este cáncer y su porcentaje de variabilidad del 91,58%. El sexo se observó mayormente en el femenino con 82,8%; y la edad se obtuvo en ambos sexos, que a partir de los 30 años hasta los 59 años de edad son las más afectadas con 69,3%; siendo en las mujeres la edad de mayor proporción la cuarta década con 24,7% mientras que en hombres en la quinta década con 23,8%; la morfología más frecuente fue el "Adenocarcinoma papilar SAI, Carcinoma papilar de la tiroides" con 69,9%. Conclusión. El comportamiento del cáncer de tiroides mostró un incremento sostenido de casos en este quinquenio, siendo el carcinoma papilar el más frecuente. La mayoría de casos se presentaron en las mujeres a partir de los cuarenta años de edad.

Thyroid cancer has increased in recent years, this endocrine pathology being of relevance among different populations with different presentations. Objective. to determine the behavior of thyroid cancer in patients treated at the SOLCA Guayaquil hospital. Methodology. Observational study with a descriptive crosssectional design. Place: SOLCA hospital in Guayaquil, period 2015 ­ 2019. The subjects were patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Applying descriptive statistics with percentage indicators, comparisons between variables, and the linear trend of the five-year study period. Results. Malignant thyroid cancer increased from 2015 with 15,9%, 2017 20.9%, to 2019 25,8%, which is corroborated with the trend of this cancer and its percentage of variability of 91.58 %. Sex was observed mainly in the female with 82,8%; and the age was obtained in both sexes, which from 30 years to 59 years of age are the most affected with 69,3%; the age with the highest proportion being in women the fourth decade with 24,7%, while in men in the fifth decade with 23,8%; the most frequent morphology was "papillary adenocarcinoma NOS, papillary thyroid carcinoma" with 69,9%. Conclusion. The behavior of thyroid cancer showed a sustained increase in this fiveyear period, with papillary carcinoma being the most frequent. Most cases occurred in women over 40 years of age.

Introduction of electronic cancer patient registries

The article is devoted to the review of the most developed systems of registration and control of patients suffering from oncological diseases. The creation of registries is based on the public health needs of countries in monitoring, storing and analyzing national data on such serious chronic diseases as cancer. The world and national experience in creating data storage systems shows the need to unify the information collection, to consolidate sources, and to use high quality information technologies that make it possible to exchange, analyze, protect and store data. In European countries and the USA, registries have specialized websites and provide information on epidemiology, trends, forecasts, and survival rate. This information is public.

Clinical features and management of women with borderline ovarian tumors in a single center in Brazil / Características clínicas e manejo de mulheres com tumores borderline de ovário em um hospital no Brasil

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to describe and analyze data of 57 women with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) regarding histological characteristics, clinical features and treatment management at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp, in the Portuguese acronym). Methods The present retrospective study analyzed data obtained from clinical and histopathological reports of women with BOTs treated in a single cancer center between 2010 and 2018. Results A total of 57 women were included, with a mean age of 48.42 years old (15.43- 80.77), of which 30 (52.63%) were postmenopausal, and 18 (31.58%) were < 40 years old. All of the women underwent surgery. A total of 37 women (64.91%) were submitted to complete surgical staging for BOT, and none (0/57) were submitted to pelvic or paraortic lymphadenectomy. Chemotherapy was administered for two patients who recurred. The final histological diagnoses were: serous in 20 (35.09%) cases, mucinous in 26 (45.61%), seromucinous in 10 (17.54%), and endometrioid in 1 (1.75%) case. Intraoperative analyses of frozen sections were obtained in 42 (73.68%) women, of which 28 (66.67%) matched with the final diagnosis. The mean follow-up was of 42.79 months (range: 2.03-104.87 months). Regard ingthe current status of the women, 45(78.95%) are alive without disease, 2(3.51%) arealive with disease, 9 (15.79%) had their last follow-up visit > 1 year beforethe performanceof the present study but arealive, and 1 patient(1.75%) died of another cause. Conclusion Women in the present study were treated according to the current guidelines and only two patients recurred.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever uma série de 57 mulheres com tumores borderline de ovário (TBO) em relação às características histológicas, clínicas, e ao manejo do tratamento realizado no Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Métodos O presente estudo retrospectivo analisou dados obtidos dos registros clínicos e histopatológicos de mulheres com TBO tratadas em um único centro oncológico de 2010 a 2018. Resultados Um total de 57 mulheres foram incluídas, com uma média de idade de 48,42 anos (15,43-80,77), das quais 30 (52,63%) eram menopausadas, e 18 (31,58%) tinham < 40 anos. Todas as mulheres foram operadas. Um total de 37 mulheres (64,91%) foram submetidas a cirurgia de estadiamento completo para TBO, e nenhuma foi submetida a linfadenectomia pélvica ou paraórtica. O tratamento com quimioterapia foi administrado em duas pacientes que recidivaram. Os diagnósticos histológicos finais foram: seroso em 20 mulheres (35,09%), mucinoso em 26 (45,61%), seromucinoso em 10 (17,54%) e endometrióide em 1 (1,75%). A avaliação histológica intraoperatória foi realizada em 42 (73,68%) das mulheres, das quais 28 (66,67%) foram compatíveis com os diagnósticos finais. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 42,79 meses (variando de 2,03 a 104,87 meses). Em relação ao status atual das mulheres, 45 (78.95%) estão vivas sem doença, 2 (3,51%) estão vivas com doença, 9 (15.79%) tiveram a última consulta de seguimento há > 1 ano antes da realização do presente estudo, mas estão vivas, e 1 paciente faleceu por outra causa. Conclusão As mulheres do presente estudo foram tratadas de acordo com as recomendações atuais e apenas duas mulheres apresentaram recorrência.

Estudo de análise de rede do fluxo de pacientes de câncer de mama no Brasil entre 2014 e 2016 / Analytical study of the breast cancer patient flow network in Brazil from 2014 to 2016 / Estudio de análisis de red del flujo de pacientes con cáncer de mama en Brasil entre 2014 y 2016

Resumo: Este estudo busca analisar o fluxo de pacientes oncológicos de mama que são atendidos fora de seu domicílio de residência. Foram considerados as internações hospitalares e os tratamentos por quimioterapia e radioterapia para neoplasias malignas na mama, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde, entre os anos de 2014 e 2016. Foi empregado o método de análise de redes, considerando o município de residência e de tratamento como nós de um grafo, que consiste em um "estudo de redes organizacionais de sistemas de saúde". Além disso, distância e tempo de deslocamento foram estimados por meio da melhor rota viável, segundo a malha rodoviária do projeto Open Street Maps. Os resultados apontam que 51,34% dos pacientes de câncer de mama no Brasil foram atendidos fora de seu município de residência, seguindo fluxos que são regionalizados e que preservam fronteiras estaduais, em geral, em direção a capitais ou a cidades de grande porte. Por outro lado, os resultados também apontam exceções específicas, visto que alguns municípios detêm um grau de proeminência que supera os limites estaduais. O tempo de deslocamento entre município de residência e município de atendimento apresentou medianas próximas a três horas, e 75% dos deslocamentos se dão em até 324km para tratamento por quimioterapia, 287km para tratamento por radioterapia e 282km para internações. Esses resultados são indicativos das dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de oncologia, o que potencialmente agrava a experiência do adoecimento oncológico em termos de impacto no indivíduo e em sua família.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the flow of breast cancer patients treated outside of their municipality of residence, based on hospital admissions and chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) from 2014 to 2016. Network analysis was used, considering the municipality of residence and of treatment as nodes in a graph, thus consisting of a "health system organizational network study". In addition, highway distances and travel time were estimated via the best feasible route according to the Open Street Maps highway project. According to the results, 51.34% of breast cancer patients in Brazil were treated outside their municipality of residence, following regionalized flows that respect state borders, generally towards the state capital or other large cities. The results also point to specific exceptions, where some municipalities occupy outstanding positions that extrapolate state borders. Median travel time from the municipality of residence to the municipality of care was nearly 3 hours, and 75% of trips totaled 324km for chemotherapy, 287km for radiotherapy, and 282km for hospitalizations. These results are indicative of the difficulties in access to oncology services, potentially aggravating the illness experience with cancer in terms of impact on the individuals and their families.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el flujo de pacientes oncológicos con cáncer de mama que son atendidos fuera de su domicilio de residencia. Se consideraron internamientos hospitalarios, tratamientos por quimioterapia y radioterapia para neoplasias malignas de mama, dentro del ámbito del Sistema Único de Salud brasileño, entre los años de 2014 a 2016. Se empleó el método de análisis de redes, considerando como nudos de un grafo el municipio de residencia y el del tratamiento, formándose de esta forma un "estudio de redes organizativas de sistemas de salud". Asimismo, se estimaron las distancias viales y el tiempo de desplazamiento, a través de la mejor ruta de carreteras, según la red de carreteras del proyecto Open Street Maps. Los resultados apuntan que un 51,34% de los pacientes con cáncer de mama en Brasil fueron atendidos fuera de su municipio de residencia, siguiendo flujos regionalizados y dentro de sus fronteras estatales, en general, en dirección a las capitales de las mismas o grandes ciudades. Por otro lado, los resultados también muestran excepciones específicas, donde algunos municipios detentan un grado de relevancia superando las fronteras estatales. El tiempo de desplazamiento entre el municipio de residencia y el municipio de atención presentó unas medias cercanas a las 3 horas, y en un 75% de los desplazamientos se recorrieron hasta 324km para recibir tratamiento de quimioterapia, 287km para el tratamiento de radioterapia y 282km para internamientos. Estos resultados son indicativos de las dificultades de acceso a los servicios de oncología, lo que agrava potencialmente la experiencia de la enfermedad oncológica en términos de impacto en el individuo y su familia.

Epidemiological profile of Brazilian oncological patients seen by a reference oncology center of the public health system and who migrate in search of adequate health care

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Structural disparities between different Brazilian regions in public health system cause patients to migrate in search of better conditions to treat their diseases. Besides patient's discomfort, there is a concentration of care in large centres, causing overload to current capacity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate migratory flow and associated factors in a reference service in oncology. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted at a referral oncology service in Great ABC region of São Paulo. Patients were interviewed, and clinical and demographic data collected. RESULTS Between March-July 2016, 217 patients were included. Analysis showed a divergence between the postal code registered in the medical record and that recorded during the interview in approximately 10% of cases. Of these, 42.9% were residents of other states. Search for treatment motivated most patients to seek service outside their city. CONCLUSION Results reflect the informal search for medical care outside the home area. Besides the direct impact on patients' quality of life, migratory flow has an economic-social impact because these patients place a burden and impose costs on services of cities where they do not perform their responsibilities as citizens. Confirmation of the existence of a significant migratory flow demonstrates the need to discuss restructuring public health policies.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO As disparidades estruturais entre diferentes regiões brasileiras no sistema de saúde pública fazem com que os pacientes migrem em busca de melhores condições para tratar suas doenças. Além do desconforto do paciente, há uma concentração de cuidados em grandes centros, causando sobrecarga da capacidade atual. OBJETIVO Avaliar o fluxo migratório e fatores associados em um serviço de referência em oncologia. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal realizado em um serviço de oncologia de referência na região do Grande ABC, em São Paulo. Os pacientes foram entrevistados e dados clínicos e demográficos coletados. RESULTADOS Entre março e julho de 2016 foram incluídos 217 pacientes. A análise mostrou uma divergência entre o código de endereçamento postal registrado no prontuário médico e o registrado durante a entrevista em aproximadamente 10% dos casos. Desses, 42,9% eram residentes de outros estados. A busca de tratamento motivou a maioria dos pacientes a buscar serviços fora de sua cidade. CONCLUSÃO Os resultados refletem a busca informal de cuidados médicos fora da área de residência. Além do impacto direto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, o fluxo migratório tem um impacto econômico-social porque esses pacientes colocam um fardo e impõem custos aos serviços das cidades onde não executam suas responsabilidades como cidadãos. A confirmação da existência de um fluxo migratório significativo demonstra a necessidade de discutir a reestruturação das políticas de saúde pública.

Who cares for adolescents and young adults with cancer in Brazil? / Onde são tratados os adolescentes e jovens adultos com câncer no Brasil?

Abstract Objective: Approximately 6% of all cancers arise in adolescents and young adults. Currently, the ward type best placed to treat this patient group remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate exactly where adolescents and young adults with cancer are treated in Brazil. Methods: Data were extracted from 271 Brazilian hospital-based cancer registries (2007-2011), including all five national regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, South, and Southeast). Variables included gender, age, ethnicity, National Code of Health Establishment, hospital unit state, and region. Tumors were classified according to the World Health Organization classification for adolescents and young adults with cancer. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed by unconditional logistic regression. Results: Most patients were managed on medical oncology wards, followed by pediatric oncology and then by non-specialist wards. Of patients aged 15-19 years, 49% were managed on pediatric wards; most of the older patients (96%; aged 20-24) were managed on adult wards. Patients were more likely to be seen in medical oncology wards as their age increased (OR = 2.03 [1.98-2.09]), or if they were based in the South (OR = 1.50 [1.29-1.73]). Conversely, bone tumors were less likely to be treated (decreased OR) on medical oncology wards, regardless of age, gender, and region. Conclusion: An elevated risk of treatment on medical oncology wards was observed for older patients and those treated in the South. Bone tumors were generally treated in pediatric oncology wards, while skin cancers were treated in medical oncology wards, regardless of age, gender, and region.

Resumo Objetivo: Aproximadamente 6% de todos os cânceres surgem em adolescentes e adultos jovens. Atualmente, o melhor tipo de enfermaria para tratar esse grupo de pacientes continua sendo controverso. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar exatamente onde os adolescentes e adultos jovens com câncer são tratados no Brasil. Métodos: Foram coletados dados de 271 registros de câncer de base hospitalar (2007-2011), inclusive de todas as cinco regiões nacionais (Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste). As variáveis incluíram sexo, idade, etnia, o Código Nacional de Estabelecimento de Saúde e o estado e a região da unidade hospitalar. Os tumores foram classificados de acordo com a classificação da Organização Mundial de Saúde para adolescentes e adultos jovens com câncer. As razões de chance com intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculadas por regressão logística incondicional. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes foi tratada em enfermaria de oncologia médica, seguido da enfermaria de oncologia pediátrica e, então, a enfermaria sem especialidade. 49% dos pacientes entre 15-19 anos foram tratados em enfermarias pediátricas; os pacientes mais velhos (96%, entre 20-24) foram tratados em enfermarias de adultos. Os pacientes apresentaram maior propensão a serem vistos em enfermarias de oncologia conforme mais velhos (RC = 2,03 [1,98-2,09]) ou caso morassem na região Sul (RC = 1,50 [1,29-1,73]). Por outro lado, os tumores ósseos mostraram menor propensão a tratamento (redução da RC) em enfermarias de oncologia, independentemente da idade, sexo e região. Conclusão: Foi visto um risco elevado de tratamento, em enfermarias de oncologia, de pacientes mais velhos e os tratados na Região Sul. Os tumores ósseos foram, em geral, tratados em enfermarias de oncologia pediátrica, ao passo que os cânceres de pele foram tratados em enfermarias de oncologia médica, independentemente de idade, sexo e região.

Latent tuberculosis among professionals from a referral hospital in oncology

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient contagious disease, and continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among infectious contagious diseases. It can be considered an occupational infectious disease when it happens in health professionals. These professionals are directly exposed to TB and are considered to be a high risk population for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active TB. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of LTBI among the clinical and administrative staff of an oncology referral hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. The secondary aim of this study was evaluate tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion rate and the risk factors for TST positivity in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a retrospective cohort with data collected in March 2013 and March 2014. Data of professionals from different hospital units were included. Those with induration ≥ 10 mm were considered as reactors, and conversion rate was assessed by an increase ≥ 10 mm in induration in the second TST compared with the first one. Results: Among the 225 professionals evaluated in 2013, 135 (60%) were reactors and 90 (40%) were non-reactors. The mean age was 32.9 (± 9.55), 176 (78.22%) were female, and most of the reactors worked in the hospital for 4 years or less. Non-reactors in 2013 were recommended to repeat the test in 2014, and the conversion rate was 9.37%. There was no significant difference in prevalence among the different professional categories, and the assessed risk factors were not associated with ILTB. Conclusions: The prevalence of LTBI in the study population was high, reinforcing the need to implement effective control measures to prevent LTBI in the hospital where the study was conducted (AU)

Utilization of hospital services for cancer care in Mexico / Utilización de los servicios hospitalarios para la atención del cáncer en México

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the utilization of hospital services for cancer care by location, sex, age group and care institution in Mexico from 2004-2013. Materials and methods: Time series study from 2004-2013, based on administrative records of hospital discharges for cancer in the health sector, including the private sector. Results: The utilization rate increased significantly from 290 to 360 per 100 000 inhabitants. A total of 62% of hospital discharges related to malignant tumors were concentrated in eight types of cancer. Leukemia, breast and colorectal cancers almost doubled in the period. While lung cancer showed a decline among men, it increased among women. A total of 63.1% of cancer patients were women, and 81% of cases occurred in the public sector. From 2011, the Ministry of Health was the main provider of hospital services for cancer care. Conclusions: Increases in utilization were mainly found in the Ministry of Health, quite possibly as a result of the implementation of universal insurance.

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la utilización de servicios hospitalarios para la atención del cáncer según localización, sexo, grupo de edad e institución de atención en México de 2004 a 2013. Material y métodos: Estudio de serie de tiempo de 2004-2013, de registros administrativos de egresos hospitalarios por cáncer del sector salud, incluyendo el sector privado. Resultados: La tasa de utilización incrementó significativamente de 290 a 360 por 100000 habitantes. El 62% de egresos hospitalarios por tumores malignos se concentró en ocho tipos. La leucemia, cáncer de mama y de colon y recto casi se duplicaron en el periodo. El cáncer de pulmón muestra un descenso en hombres mientras que en las mujeres sigue aumentando; 63.1% fueron mujeres. El 81% ocurrió en el sector público. A partir de 2011 la Secretaría de Salud fue el principal productor de servicios hospitalarios para la atención del cáncer. Conclusiones: El aumento en la utilización se dio principalmente en la Secretaría de Salud muy posiblemente como resultado de la implementación del Seguro Popular.

Prevalence of renal insufficiency in elderly cancer patients in a tertiary cancer center / Prevalência de insuficiência renal em pacientes idosos com câncer em um centro de tratamento oncológico

Objective To estimate the prevalence of abnormal glomerular filtration rate in elderly patients with solid tumors. Methods A retrospective study with patients aged >65 years diagnosed with solid tumors between January 2007 and December 2011 in a cancer center. The following data were collected: sex, age, serum creatinine at the time of diagnosis and type of tumor. Renal function was calculated using abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulae and then staged in accordance with the clinical practice guidelines published by the Working Group of the National Kidney Foundation. Results A total of 666 patients were included and 60% were male. The median age was 74.2 years (range: 65 to 99 years). The most prevalent diagnosis in the study population were colorectal (24%), prostate (20%), breast (16%) and lung cancer (16%). The prevalence of elevated serum creatinine (>1.0mg/dL) was 30%. However, when patients were assessed using abbreviated MDRD formulae, 66% had abnormal renal function, stratified as follows: 45% with stage 2, 18% with stage 3, 3% with stage 4 and 0.3% with stage 5. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to estimate the frequency of renal insufficiency in elderly cancer patients in Brazil. The prevalence of abnormal renal function among our cohort was high. As suspected, the absolute creatinine level does underestimate renal function impairment and should not be used as predictor of chemotherapy metabolism, excretion and consequent toxicity. .

Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de taxa de filtração glomerular alterada em pacientes idosos diagnosticados com tumores sólidos. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com mais de 65 anos de idade, diagnosticados com tumores sólidos entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro de 2011 em um centro de tratamento oncológico. Foram coletados dados sobre sexo, idade, creatinina sérica à época do diagnóstico e tipo de tumor. A função renal foi calculada utilizando a versão simplificada da equação MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) e depois estratificada de acordo com as diretrizes de prática clínica do Working Group of the National Kidney Foundation. Resultados Foram incluídos 666 pacientes, sendo 60% do sexo masculino. A idade mediana foi 74,2 anos (variação de 65 a 99 anos), e os diagnósticos mais prevalentes na população do estudo foram câncer colorretal (24%), de próstata (20%), mama (16%) e pulmão (16%). A prevalência de creatinina sérica elevada (>1,0mg/dL) foi 30%. No entanto, quando os pacientes foram avaliados utilizando a forma abreviada da equação MDRD, 66% tinham uma função renal anormal assim estratificada: 45% em estádio 2, 18% em estádio 3, 3% em estádio 4 e 0,3% em estádio 5. Conclusão Até onde sabemos, este foi o primeiro estudo a estimar a frequência de insuficiência renal em pacientes idosos com câncer no Brasil. A prevalência de função renal alterada na coorte estudada foi alta. Como suspeitávamos, o nível absoluto de creatinina subestima a alteração na função renal e não deve ser usado como preditor de metabolismo, excreção e consequente toxicidade dos agentes quimioterápicos. .

Comportamiento de casos de Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasas en pacientes con cáncer de un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá, D.C. / Behavior of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae cases in cancer patients at a third level hospital in Bogotá, D.C.

Introducción. La presencia en los hospitales de enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas es cada vez más frecuente. Los pacientes con cáncer en estado avanzado requieren medios invasivos para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento o los cuidados paliativos, así como el uso de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro para tratar infecciones secundarias, lo cual aumenta su propensión a las infecciones causadas por estas bacterias. Objetivo. Informar el comportamiento de Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasas de tipo KPC en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Bogotá, entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2012. Materiales y métodos. Mediante el análisis de la base de datos y de los registros de los pacientes con aislamientos de K. pneumoniae productores de carbapenemasas de tipo KPC, a cargo del comité de infecciones de la institución, se identificaron y describieron las características epidemiológicas de los casos detectados. La determinación de brotes se efectuó con herramientas de control estadístico de calidad. Resultados. Entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2012 se identificaron 45 pacientes con aislamiento de K. pneumoniae productor de carbapenemasas de tipo KPC en alguna muestra. Hubo más aislamientos en pacientes de cáncer con tumores sólidos. La identificación se logró más frecuentemente en muestras de orina; el 17,7 % de los casos correspondió a colonización y el 82,3 %, a infección; 35,5 % (16/45) de los pacientes sobrevivió. Durante este periodo se identificaron dos brotes que se controlaron aplicando una estrategia multimodal. Conclusiones. Se encontró que la presencia de KPC fue más frecuente en infecciones que en colonizaciones. Durante estos dos años ocurrieron dos brotes que fueron controlados limitando la transmisión cruzada de bacterias multirresistentes por medio de estrategias de control convencionales.

Introduction: The presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospitals is increasingly common. Patients with advanced cancer who require invasive means for diagnosis, treatment or palliative care, and the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials to treat secondary infections show increased susceptibility to infections caused by these bacteria. Objective: To report the behavior of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) isolates at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Bogotá between January 2010 and December 2012. Materials and methods: By analyzing the database kept by the infection committee of the institution, as well as the records of patients with CPKC isolates, we identified and described the epidemiology of detected cases. Outbreaks were determined by using quality control statistical tools. Results: Between January 2010 and December 2012, we found 45 patients with CPKC isolates recovered from any sample. There were more isolates from patients with malignant solid tumors. CPKC isolates from urine samples were more often recovered; 17.7% of CPKC isolates corresponded to colonization, and 82.3% to infection; 35.5% of patients (16/45) survived. We identified two outbreaks during this period, which were controlled using a multimodal approach. Conclusions: This study found that CPKC presence is more frequent as infection than as colonization. During the two years of the study we detected two outbreaks, which were controlled by limiting multi-resistant bacteria cross transmission using conventional control strategies.

Tumores de tronco cerebral en niños tratados con radioterapia / Radiation therapy in the treatment of brain-stem tumors in children

Introduction: Due to their location, tumors of the trunk (TT) present a high surgical risk and the diagnosis is usually made by imaging. In Chile, these cases are treated according to the PINDA Program (national treatment guide for pediatric tumors). All patients receive radiotherapy (RT) after diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment results for TT at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) between 1993 and 2011. Patients and Method: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with TT at NCI was conducted. Patient population, symptoms, treatment received and overall survival are described. Prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: From November 1993 to December 2011, 70 children were referred for possible RT, 68 of them actually received it. The median age at diagnosis was 7 years old. In June 2012, out of 70 patients, 60 were deceased, all due to disease progression. The median survival of patients who received RT (68 patients) was 8.5 months from the end of treatment; the survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years was 31.5 percent 14.3 percent and 12.8 percent respectively. Univariate analysis showed that survival was affected by the MRN high resolution imaging (p = 0.07) and by the diffuse tumor pattern (p = 0.025). Multivariate analysis showed survival is affected by the MRN high resolution imaging (p = 0.011) and a higher dose of RT protector (p = 0.015). Conclusions: The poor results obtained in the treatment of TT with RT at the INC are similar to those reported by other centers. Further explorations regarding other treatment options based on combined therapy using RT are needed.

Introducción: Los tumores de tronco (TT), por su ubicación, conllevan un alto riesgo quirúrgico, por lo que generalmente el diagnóstico se realiza por imágenes. En Chile se tratan según el programa PINDA (guía para tratamiento de tumores pediátricos nacional). Todos reciben radioterapia (RT) luego del diagnóstico. El objetivo de esta publicación es evaluar los resultados de tratamiento de los TT en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INC) en el período 1993-2011. Pacientes y Método: Revisión retrospectiva de los pacientes tratados con el diagnóstico de TT en el INC. Se describe la población de pacientes, síntomas de presentación, tratamientos recibidos y sobrevida global. Se exploraron factores pronósticos. Resultados: Desde noviembre de 1993 hasta diciembre de 2011 fueron derivados para consideración de RT 70 niños, de ellos 68 la recibieron. La mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue de 7 años. A junio de 2012, del total de 70 pacientes, 60 se encontraban fallecidos, todos por progresión de enfermedad. La mediana de sobrevida, de los pacientes que recibieron RT (68 pacientes), fue de 8,5 meses desde el fin de esta; la sobrevida a 1, 2 y 3 años fue de 31,5 por ciento, 14,3 por ciento, 12,8 por ciento respectivamente. Al análisis univariado, fue peor para la sobrevida, el alto grado a la imagen de RNM (p = 0,07) y el patrón tumoral difuso (p = 0,025). Al análisis multivariado, es peor para la sobrevida el alto grado a la imagen de RNM (p = 0,011) y protector una mayor dosis de RT (p = 0,015). Conclusiones: Los pobres resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento con RT de TT en el INC son similares a los reportados por los otros centros. Sería sin duda interesante explorar otras alternativas de tratamiento en base a tratamientos combinados con RT.

Registro hospitalario del instituto de cancerología y hospital "Dr. Bernardo del Valle S." / Registration hospital and cancer institute

Se ofrecen datos epidemiológicos sobre los registros del cáncer en Guatemala durante el año 2011.

Epidemiological data on cancer in Guatemala ispresented.

Análisis de la mortalidad por leucemia aguda pediátrica en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología / Analysis of mortality in pediatric acute leukemia at the National Cancer Institute

Introducción. La mortalidad por leucemia aguda pediátrica es un indicador trazador del acceso y efectividad de la atención en salud; su análisis permite identificar los factores involucrados en el proceso de la enfermedad que pueden influir en la condición final de los niños. Objetivo. Describir la experiencia operativa y los resultados obtenidos en los comités de análisis institucional de la mortalidad por leucemia aguda pediátrica. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo de las muertes por leucemia linfoide o mieloide aguda ocurridas en niños menores de 15 años en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 2008-2010. Se llevó a cabo el análisis de “evitabilidad” (sic.) con el modelo de las tres demoras propuesto por Thaddeus y Maine. Resultados. Se analizaron 24 defunciones. El 87,5 % fueron a causa de leucemia linfoide aguda. La mediana de edad fue de 10,5 años. Se encontró que la demora 3 (obtener el tratamiento adecuado y oportuno) ocurrió en el 83 % de los casos analizados y que los traslados durante el tratamiento fue la limitación más común (66,7 %). El 83,3 % de las muertes se consideraron no evitables dadas las condiciones clínicas de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. Es la primera experiencia en el análisis de mortalidad por un evento crónico en la población pediátrica del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y en el país. Aunque las demoras identificadas no condicionaron de forma directa la mortalidad, sí constituyen la base para establecer acciones de mejoría que influyan en la calidad de la atención de los niños con cáncer.

Introduction. Mortality rate for childhood acute leukemia is an indicator of access to and efficacy of health services. Analysis of this indicator allows the identification of factors contributing to the development of the illness and the final condition of affected children. Objective. The operative experience results were described from data obtained by committee of analysis of institutional mortality by childhood acute leukaemia. Materials and methods. Formal reports of deaths in children under 15 due to acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia were provided to the National Cancer Institute of Colombia. A descriptive analysis of these reports from the period 2008-2010 was undertaken by the National Cancer Institute. Avoidability analysis was performed using the 1994 “three delays” model of Thaddeus and Maine. Results. Of 24 deaths analyzed, 21 were caused by acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The median age was 10.5 years. The delay 3 (get adequate and timely treatment) was identified in 83% of the cases and transfers during treatment were the most common limitation (66.7%). 83.3% of deaths were deemed unavoidable given the clinical conditions of the patients. Conclusions. Even though the delays identified did not affect mortality in a direct way, they did nonetheless constitute the basis for improvements to the quality of attention to children with cancer.

Acesso à assistência oncológica: mapeamento dos fluxos origem-destino das internações e dos atendimentos ambulatoriais. O caso do câncer de mama / Access to cancer care: mapping hospital admissions and high-complexity outpatient care flows. The case of breast cancer

Este estudo analisa o fluxo de pacientes atendidas com câncer de mama, no Brasil, no âmbito do SUS, segundo o tipo de tratamento recebido. Foram identificadas redes de atenção oncológica com base nas informações do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e do Sistema Informações Ambulatoriais de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, relativas ao período 2005-2006, utilizando os programas TabWin e TerraView. O atendimento está amplamente distribuído pelo território nacional, com forte concentração nos maiores centros, e indícios de escassez de atendimento mesmo nas regiões onde a oferta de serviços é maior. Grande proporção das pacientes reside a mais de 150km do local de atendimento. A identificação das redes constitui ferramenta com aplicação importante no planejamento e na melhoria da distribuição dos serviços, considerando que o acesso geográfico é relevante para o desfecho do tratamento. A redução das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade depende da identificação precoce, pois, uma vez identificado o caso, o tratamento adequado e ágil concorre para reduzir os impactos da doença.

This study analyzes the flow of patients with breast cancer treated in Brazil's Unified National Health System (SUS) by type of treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy). Hospital and outpatient services networks were identified based on data from the National Information System for Inpatient Care (SIH), and the National Information System for Outpatient Cancer Care, for 2005-2006, using TabWin and TerraView. Health services networks reach most of the country, and few municipalities are not connected to a network. However, treatment is highly concentrated in the largest cities, and even the latter show evidence of service shortages. Furthermore, a large proportion of patients live more than 150km from the respective service. Network identification is important for planning and improving services distribution, since geographic access is a relevant issue for treatment outcome. Reduction of morbidity and mortality requires early identification, and appropriate and prompt treatment can reduce the impacts of the disease.

Carcinoide gastrointestinal: experiencia de siete años en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (2000-2006) / Carcinoid tumors: retrospective review of 25 patients

Background: The incidence of carcinoid tumors (CT) has increased in the last five decades. These supposedly benign tumors may not always behave as such. The largest series of CT show that the most common primary tumor site (appendiceal) changed over the years. Aim: To evaluate the management of gastrointestinal CT at the National Cancer Institute from 2000 to 2006, describe their anatomic location and estimate disease specific survival. Material and Methods: Review of the database of the Cancer Committee, during a period of 7 years, looking for patients with a pathological diagnosis of CT, whose clinical records were analyzed. Results: The records of 25 patients with gastrointestinal CT, aged 18 to 79 years (19 females) were analyzed. Five years disease specific survival was 91.1 percent. The most common location was appendiceal in 56 percent of cases, with a 5 years disease specific survival of 100 percent. Right hemicolectomy was performed in seven patients with appendiceal carcinoid. Other seven patients only underwent appendectomy. Five years disease specific survival was 100 percent in both groups. Conclusions: The appendix is still the most common location of CT in this series and long term survival is acceptable.

Los tumores carcinoides (TC) gastrointestinales han aumentando su incidencia en las últimas 5 décadas. Inicialmente estos tumores eran considerados de comportamiento benigno, sin embargo, con el tiempo han mostrado ser capaces de diseminarse y tener una evolución más agresiva. En general se considera al apéndice cecal como la ubicación más frecuente de TC pero esto ha cambiado en el último tiempo según publicaciones internacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de los TC gastrointestinales en el período 2000-2006 en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INC) reportando una serie de casos, describir su ubicación anatómica y estimar la sobrevida específica de enfermedad. Método: Estudio descriptivo. Se revisó la base de datos del Comité Oncológico del INC, durante un período de 7 años, incluyendo pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de TC. Se revisaron las fichas clínicas y se recolectaron registros de defunción. Resultados: 25 pacientes con diagnóstico de TC confirmado por patología, presentando una sobrevida específica de enfermedad a 5 años de 91,1 por ciento. La ubicación más frecuente de TC fue apéndice cecal (56 por ciento) y este grupo de pacientes presenta sobrevida específica de enfermedad de 100 por ciento a 5 años. De los TC apendiculares, en 7 pacientes se realizó una hemicolectomía derecha en un segundo tiempo, y en 7 pacientes sólo se realizó apendicectomía, con sobrevida específica de enfermedad de 100 por ciento en ambos grupos a 5 años (p = 0,475). Conclusiones: El apéndice cecal continúa siendo el lugar más frecuente de presentación del TC y la sobrevida alejada es adecuada en esta serie de pacientes.

Demografía del cáncer laríngeo en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología / Demographic data of laryngeal cancer at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Mexico City

Objetivo: Describir los datos demográficos de los pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico de cáncer laríngeo en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Material y métodos: Se revisaron los expedientes de 500 pacientes atendidos entre 1986 y 2002. Resultados: Se encontraron 452 hombres (90.4 %) y 48 mujeres (9.6 %), en una relación hombre:mujer de 10.6:1. La media de edad fue de 62.37 años; predominaron los pacientes con edad entre 56 y 70 años. El tabaquismo y el alcoholismo estuvieron presentes en la mayoría. El síntoma cardinal de inicio fue disfonía en 458 (91.6 %). La media de evolución de la sintomatología fue de 11.6 meses. La localización del tumor más común fue la glotis (61.6 %). En 142 pacientes (28.4 %) se encontraron tumores tempranos (T1-T2) y en 354 (70.8 %), tumores tardíos (T3-T4). Clínicamente 165 pacientes (33.0 %) tuvieron adenopatías palpables desde el inicio (33.0 %) y 13 (2.6 %), metástasis al momento del diagnóstico. La histología en 483 (96.6 %) fue epidermoide; 325 recibieron tratamiento. Las recurrencias fueron locales en 146 (44.9 %), regionales en nueve (2.8 %) y a distancia en uno (0.3 %). En 169 pacientes (52 %) se logró un adecuado control del tumor primario. La media de supervivencia de los 325 pacientes fue 38 meses. Conclusiones: El cáncer laríngeo es una entidad potencialmente curable. Ante disfonía mayor de un mes de evolución se debe hacer diagnóstico diferencial de cáncer. El pronóstico en la supervivencia de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer laríngeo está determinado por el estadio clínico inicial.

BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to describe the demographic data of patients with laryngeal cancer treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Mexico City. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical files from 1986 to 2002, revealing 500 patients. RESULTS: Included were 452 men (90.4%) and 48 women (9.6%) (M:F ratio--10.6:1). Average age of patients was 62.37 years. The highest incidence of patients was among those aged 56 to 70 years. Smoking and alcoholism were present in most patients from this series. The cardinal symptom of presentation was dysphonia in 458 patients (91.6%). The mean evolution time of symptomatology was 11.6 months. The most common localization of the tumor was the glottis (61.6%). One hundred forty two patients (28.4%) presented early-stage tumors (T1-T2) and 354 patients (70.8%) presented with late-stage tumors (T3-T4). Clinically, 165 patients (33.0%) presented adenopathies and 13 patients (2.6%) had metastases at the time of diagnosis; 483 patients (96.6%) presented with invasive epidermoid cancer. Of these, 325 patients received treatment. One hundred forty six patients (44.9%) presented local recurrence, in nine patients (2.8%) there was regional recurrence, and one patient (0.3%) recurred with a distant tumor. Adequate control of the primary tumor was achieved with the established treatment in 169 patients (52%). verage survival time of the 325 treated patients was 38 months. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer of the larynx is a potentially curable entity. In any patient with major dysphonia of >1 month evolution, a differential diagnosis of cancer must be made. The survival prognosis for patients with cancer of the larynx is determined by the initial clinical stage.

Sobrevida de mulheres tratadas por câncer de mama no estado do Rio de Janeiro / Sobrevida de mujeres tratadas por câncer de mama en el estado de Rio de Janeiro, Sureste de Brasil / Survival of breast cancer women in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre sobrevida de mulheres com câncer de mama e estrutura e práticas observadas nos estabelecimentos de assistência oncológica. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, baseado em informações do Sistema de Autorização de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade do Sistema Único de Saúde e em amostra aleatória de 310 prontuários de mulheres prevalentes atendidas em 15 unidades hospitalares e ambulatoriais oncológicas com quimioterapia entre 1999 e 2002, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram consideradas como variáveis independentes características da estrutura das unidades oncológicas e as suas intervenções praticadas, controlando o efeito com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas das pacientes. Para análise dos dados, foram utilizados a técnica de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de risco de Cox (pseudo-verossimilhança). RESULTADOS: As análises de Kaplan-Meier apontaram associações significativas entre sobrevida e tempo entre diagnóstico e início do tratamento, realização de cirurgia, utilização de hormonioterapia, tipo de hormonioterapia, combinações terapêuticas, tipo de unidade e plano de saúde, volume de atendimento em câncer de mama do estabelecimento e natureza jurídica da unidade. Estimativas obtidas pelo modelo de Cox indicaram associações positivas entre o hazard de morte e tempo entre diagnóstico e início do tratamento, volume de atendimento de câncer de mama do estabelecimento e tipo de unidade combinado ao uso de plano de saúde; e negativas entre sobrevida e cirurgia de mama e tipo de hormonioterapia. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram associação entre sobrevida de câncer de mama e o cuidado de saúde prestado pelos serviços credenciados, com implicações práticas para pautar novas propostas para o controle do câncer no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between breast cancer survival and infrastructure and practices of cancer care units. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study based on data from the Brazilian information system of authorizations for highly complex cancer procedures covered by the National Health System and a sample of 310 medical records of prevalent breast cancer cases attended at 15 inpatient and outpatient cancer care units providing chemotherapy between 1999 and 2002 in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Independent variables were infrastructure of cancer units, interventions, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model (pseudolikelihood) were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier analyses pointed out significant associations between survival and time between diagnosis and treatment start, surgery, hormone therapy, type of adjuvant hormone therapy, therapy combinations, type of care unit and health insurance, unit size and category. Estimates obtained from the Cox model showed positive associations between hazard of death and time between diagnosis and treatment, unit size and type combined to use of health insurance, and negative associations between survival and surgery and type of hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings show an association between breast cancer survival and health care provided by affiliated services with practical implications for policy making for cancer control in Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación entre sobrevida de mujeres con cáncer de mama y estructura y prácticas observadas en los establecimientos de asistencia oncológica. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo, basado en informaciones del Sistema de Autorización de Procedimientos de Alta Complejidad del Sistema Único de Salud y en muestra aleatoria de 310 prontuarios de mujeres prevalentes atendidas en 15 unidades hospitalarias y ambulatorias oncológicas con quimioterapia entre 1999 y 2002, en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Sureste de Brasil. Fueron consideradas como variables independientes características de la estructura de las unidades oncológicas y sus intervenciones practicadas, controlando el efecto con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de las pacientes. Para análisis de los datos, fueron utilizados la técnica de Kaplan-Meier y el modelo de riesgo de Cox (pseudos-verosimilitud). RESULTADOS: Los análisis de Kaplan-Meier señalaron asociaciones significativas entre sobrevida y tiempo entre diagnóstico e inicio del tratamiento, realización de cirugía, utilización de hormonoterapia, tipo de hormonoterapia, combinaciones terapéuticas, tipo de unidad y seguro de salud, volumen de atención en cáncer de mama del establecimiento y naturaleza jurídica de la unidad. Estimaciones obtenidas por el modelo Cox indicaron asociaciones positivas entre el hazard de muerte y tiempo entre diagnóstico e inicio del tratamiento, volumen de atención de cáncer de mama del establecimiento y tipo de unidad combinado con el uso del seguro de salud; y negativas entre sobrevida y cirugía de mama y tipo de hormonoterapia. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran asociación entre sobrevida de cáncer de mama y el cuidado de salud prestado por los servicios acreditados, con implicaciones prácticas para pautar nuevas propuestas para el control del cáncer en Brasil.

Patrones de resistencia bacteriana en urocultivos en un hospital oncológico / Antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from urine cultures at an oncological center

OBJETIVOS: Describir los patrones de resistencia bacteriana en cultivos de orina en un hospital oncológico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron las cepas obtenidas de cultivos de orina de 1998 a 2005. Se obtuvo el porcentaje de sensibilidad para diferentes antibióticos, tras analizar por separado cepas nosocomiales y compararlas con las de la comunidad. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron 9 232 cultivos positivos (20.7 por ciento) de 44 447 muestras: gramnegativos, 78.8 por ciento; grampositivos, 13.8 por ciento; y levaduras, 7.4 por ciento. Escherichia coli fue el principal microorganismo identificado (41.3 por ciento); la resistencia en aislados nosocomiales fue mayor que en la comunidad para amikacina (92.4 y 97 por ciento), ceftazidima (83.1 y 95.1 por ciento) y ciprofloxacina (46.2 y 58.6 por ciento). De igual manera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa presentó mayor resistencia para amikacina y ceftazidima en las cepas nosocomiales (55.7 y 66.6 por ciento; y 65.5 y 84.8 por ciento, respectivamente). Enterococcus resistente a vancomicina se encontró sólo en 2.5 por ciento (3/119 aislados de E. faecium). CONCLUSIONES: Existe una mayor resistencia bacteriana en las cepas de origen nosocomial en comparación con las cepas comunitarias. Se encontró un incremento progresivo de la resistencia para E. coli, el patógeno aislado con más frecuencia de infecciones nosocomiales y comunitarias. Es prioritario intensificar una campaña educativa para el control y uso racional de los antibióticos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of organisms isolated from urine cultures at a teaching oncological hospital for adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All strains obtained from urine cultures from 1998 to 2005 were included. Mean susceptibilities were obtained for each antimicrobial tested; nosocomial and community-acquired isolates were analyzed separately. RESULTS: A total of 9 232 positive urine cultures were obtained (20.7 percent) from 44 447 samples taken. Gram negative bacteria were reported in 78.8 percent, Gram-positive in 13.8 percent and yeasts in 7.4 percent. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium (41.3 percent); antimicrobial resistance was higher in nosocomial isolates than in community strains (amikacin 92.4 vs. 97 percent, ceftazidime 83.1 vs. 95.1 percent and ciprofloxacin 46.2 vs. 58.6 percent). Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a greater resistance to amikacin and ceftazidime in nosocomial cultures compared to community-acquired bacterial cultures (55.7 vs. 66.6 percent and 65.5 vs. 84.8 percent respectively). Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were found in only 2.5 percent (3 of 119 E. faecium isolates). CONCLUSIONS: Higher bacterial resistance was observed in nosocomial cultures than in community ones. Antimicrobial resistance was found to be progressively increasing for E. coli, the most frequent pathogen isolated both in nosocomial and community infections. We consider imperative the establishment of an intense educational campaign for the use and control of antibiotics.